Adverb clause

 I. Sentence types:

 

1. Simple (one independent clause)

She is studying ESL at De Anza College.

 

    2. Compound (two independent clauses)

She is taking 18 units this quarter, so she is very busy.

(coordinating conjunction)

 

She likes to learn; therefore, she doesn’t mind having a lot of homework.  (sentence connector with a semicolon)

 

 

  3. Complex  (one independent clause and one dependent clause)

***Because she is taking 18 units this quarter, she doesn’t have much time to hang out with friends.  (adverb clause.)

If I were teaching 18 units, I would be very tired.  (adverb clause of condition)

I think that it must be difficult to take 18 units. (noun clause)

The student who is taking 18 units has a lot of homework.  (adjective clause)

 

 

 

II.  Lesson on adverb clauses and adverb phrases:

 

a. Time clauses:  use these to show a time relationship between two clauses.  Use with connectors like: when, while, after, before, since, until, whenever….

 

Since shelter in place began in March of 2020, I have been teaching online. 

Since online classes started, I have met many nice students. 

 

Since I got my second vaccine, I have felt confident to go out. 

 

After I got my second Covid vaccine, I felt so relieved.  

 

While the teacher was typing, my classmates were reading her notes.

While the teacher was typing, one classmate joined Zoom late.

 

Before he writes his paragraph, he’ll be sure to read the prompt carefully.  

 

 

 

Write a sentence with an adverb clause about your life with “since” to show a time relationship.

 

 

 

 

b. Because clauses and phrases:  use to give reason/cause

*We can also use “since” to give a reason/cause

 

 

He was late to work because there was a lot of traffic on Highway 85. (adverb clause) 

 

Because of a lot of traffic, he was late to work.  (adverb phrase) 

 

She is on a diet since/because she ate so much during shelter in place. 

 

They are tired because they stayed up late last night.

They are tired because of staying up late.  

 

Because he has a lot of homework, he can’t work at his job as many hours this quarter.  

Because of a lot of homework, he can’t work as much.  

 

 

Write a sentence about your life with “because of”. 

 

 

 

C. Concession:  Use  even though/though/although/in spite of the fact that to say that something is different than what we expect.

 

You can use “in spite of” with an adverb phrase

 

Although he is on a diet, he ate two donuts for breakfast this morning.

 

In spite of the fact that he is on a diet, he ate two donuts for breakfast.

 

In spite of his diet, he ate two donuts for breakfast this morning. 

 

He is playing a game on his phone even though he has a lot of homework.

He is playing a game on his phone in spite of all of his homework. 

 

Many people were driving too fast on Highway 17 even though the road was a little bit wet.  

In spite of the wet road conditions, many people were driving fast on 17. 

 

 

Write a sentence about your life with in spite of (adverb phrase) or although/even though(adverb clause)

 

 

 

 

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Practice: Work in your break-out rooms.  As a group, write some sentences with adverb clauses and phrases.  Use:  because, because of, even though, 

since (as a time word), when, after, in spite of.  

 

(One person in the group should put up a share screen with a blank document. Then you can add to the document.  You should all check the grammar of the sentences.)

 

 

Topic:  anything to do with the pandemic and/or vaccines

 

Example:

 

In spite of being vaccinated, people in Santa Cruz need to wear masks in grocery stores.