Past modals:
Should have + past participle/ should not have + past participle
Amy Chua shouldn’t have been so strict with her daughters.
She should have let them have playdates and sleepovers.
She shouldn’t have threatened to burn their stuffed animals.
Parents should encourage children to do their best. (Right now and into the future.)
You should go to your teachers’ office hours if you have questions. (present/future)
You should not speed when you drive. Don’t drive fast now or later.
You should not have sped. You went too fast and you got a ticket.
I should have spent more time on my paper. I didn’t do well on it.
I should have gone shopping earlier yesterday. There were too many people in the store.
What is something that you regret about last quarter (or last year)? Write a couple of sentences showing past regret. (positive and negative)
I should have had more ESL classes last quarter.
I should have taken ESL last quarter.
I should have taken some units last quarter even though there was no availability in ESL for me.
I shouldn't have said those hurtful words to you. I apologize for it.
I should have studied harder last quarter
I shouldn't have taken a reading class last quarter
I should have taken an autocad class instead of ESL last quarter.
I should have studied harder,but I am always easily addicted to social networking.
I shouldn't have stopped going to school last quarter.
I should have taken my dog out. He peed all over my rug.
May have /might have/ could have + the past participle
Negative form: may not have/ might not have + past participle
(**Could not have + past participle has a different meaning.
For example: He couldn’t have been at the party last night. He was in New York.)
Why was one of our classmates absent last week?
She might have been sick.
She could have had an appointment.
She may have had to work late.
She might not have had Wi-Fi for the day.
She might have gotten her booster shot and not felt well.
Why didn’t your neighbor get a covid vaccine when it was his turn? (Think of possible reasons for this. You’re not sure why; you’re just guessing.)
He might have had reservations about the efficiency of the COVID-2019 vaccine.
My neighbor might have already taken the shot somewhere else before it was his turn.
She may have been sick at the time.
Someone could have convinced her not to take it.
He might have forgotten about it.
They might not have believed the safety of the vaccine.
They might have thought that wasn’t not useful!
They might have thought they wouldn’t get ill from Covid.
They might have had concerns about vaccination reactions.
Must have + past participle/ must not have + past participle
One of my sister-in-laws must have voted for Trump because she always talks about him in a positive way.
Amy Chua’s daughters must have felt scared/nervous when they didn’t get an A on their exam.
The student must have been surprised when he got a 50% on his exam.
He told me that he studied really hard for it.
My friend who is a huge Justin Bieber fan must have felt really happy yesterday because he was nominated for a lot of awards for the Grammys.
My mom must have missed me last year because she is very close to me emotionally and I wasn’t able to see her because of the pandemic.
He must not have taken the vaccine because he told me that he didn’t believe in it.
My dog must have eaten something wrong because she was upset three days ago.
He has all the coronavirus symptoms, so he must have gotten it.
My friend didn’t visit me because she had Covid.
She must have felt exhausted of mind to opt for suicide. It's such sad news.
You had to turn in your quiz by 9:20 on Thursday night.
Amy Chua’s daughter had to practice 2,000 math problems.
I had to correct your quizzes last night because I didn’t want to do them over Thanksgiving break.
What did you have to do yesterday?
I had to manage my time during the quiz.
I had to take Advil to reduce my fever.
I had to check all of the announcements from Canvas.
I had to finish my homework last night.
In the present/future: Use must + the base form of the verb to write about laws/requirements/regulations/ expectations…
You must wear a seatbelt if you drive.
You must follow the speed limit.
You must fill out this form if you want to get a Covid vaccine.
In the past:
He had to fill out the form to get a Covid vaccine. It was a requirement.
He had to wear his seat belt on the long drive even though he didn’t want to.
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